Composition and Structure of Atmosphere; Insolation, Heat Budget of Earth, Temperature, Pressure and Winds, Atmospheric Circulation, Meteorological Hazards and Disasters, Evidence and Causes of Climatic Change in the past.

Relief of Oceans, Temperature, Density and Salinity, Circulation: Warm and Cold Currents, Waves, Tides, Sea Level Changes.

Ecosystem and Human Ecology, Food Chain, Food Web and Ecological Pyramid, Legal Framework, Environmental Policy, International Treaties, International Programmes and Police.

Sources of population data, World Population Distribution, World Population Growth, Demographic Transition, Theories of Population Growth, Population Composition and Characteristics, Rural Settlements, Theories of Origin of Towns Characteristics and Proce

Factors affecting the spatial organization of economic activities, Natural Resources, and Natural Resources Management. Wctors of Industrial Location; Theories of Industrial Location, World Industrial Regions, Impact of Globalisation in Less Developed Cou

Concept of Culture, Cultural Complexes, Areas and Region, Cultural Heritage, Cultural Ecology. Cultural Convergence, Health, Diseases Ecology, Nutritional Status, Health Care Planning and Policies in India, Medical Tourism in India.

Contributions of Greek, Roman, Arab, Chinese and Indian Scholars, Contributions of Geographers, Impact of Darwinian Theory on Geographical Thought, Impact of Darwinian Theory on Geographical Thought, Paradigm Shift, Perspectives in Geography.

Sources of Geographic Information, Georeferencing, Types of Aerial Photographs, Digital Image Processing: Developments in Remote Sensing Technology, Bifurcation Ratio, Drainage Density and Drainage Frequency, Basin Circularity Ratio, and Form Factor.

Major Physiographic Regions and their Characteristics, Jet Streams and Himalayan Cryosphere, Types and Distribution of Natural Resources, Growth and Composition, Major Crop Regions, Regional Variations in AgriculturalDevelopment, Environmental, Technolog